1. The fall from power of the French Emperor Napoleon III and the consequent loss of his empire.
2. The defeat of Germany in two bloody wars, resulting in the ‘lamentations of Berlin’.
3. The success and stability of Queen Victoria’s reign.
4. The dismissal of Ali Pasha as prime minister of Turkey.
5. The overthrow and murder of Sultán Abdu’l-Aziz of Turkey.
6. The breakup of the Ottoman Empire, leading to the extinction of the ‘outward splendor’ of its capital, Constantinople.
7. The downfall of Nasiri’d-Din Shah, the Persian monarch.
8. The advent of constitutional government in Persia.
9. A massive (albeit temporary) decline in the fortunes of monarchy throughout the world.
10. A worldwide erosion of ecclesiastical authority.
11. The collapse of the Muslim Caliphate.
12. The spread of communism, the ‘movement of the left’, and its rise to world power.
13. The catastrophic decline of that same movement (Communism), triggered by the collapse of its egalitarian economy.
14. The rise of Israel as a Jewish homeland.
15. The persecution of Jews on the European continent (the Nazi holocaust).
16. America’s violent racial struggles
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Gary L. Matthews, The Challenge of Bahá’u’lláh
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